Banana

Banana

•Plantain means green banana grown only for vegetable purpose.

• In TamilNadu , banana is specially grown for leaf production.

• Soft ripe banana is usually the first solid food given to babies , it can be called complete food.

• Edible banana 2n = 22, 33 or 44

Basic haploid number 

x= 11 hence diploid , triploid and tetraploid

•Musa acuminata x= 11

• Most cultivated banana is triploid 

•Edible banana - vegetatively parthenocarpic

• Edible pulp is developed mainly from the ovary wall

• Origin : South East Asia i.e India 

•Two genera - Ensete and Muga

•Optimum temp : 20-26°C 

Propagation: 

Suckers or offshoots: 

Sword  Suckers : 

Pointed leaf and bear early

Water Suckers : 

Broad leaf and bear late 

Desuckering :

Removal of unwanted suckers suckers are called desuckering

Spacing - 2.5 - 3.5m

Dwarf Varieties 2m × 2 m

Very Tall varieties: 4 m× 4 m

• Manuring : 

Voracious feeder , nitrogen content is highest in third youngest leaf .

200 kg , 100- 200 kg P2O5 and 200-400K20/ ha

• Irrigation :

Very high irrigation once in 7-10 days , 40-50 irrigations are required.

•Harvesting : 

Early flowering in 7 months after in southern and western India . And fruits are ripened in 3 months after flowering.

Bearing stage :

10-15 months after planting.

Inflorescence emerges at 12-14 leaf stage.

• All flowers at initial stage - Bisexual

• One floral stalk has - male , female and bisexual flower

• Ripening:

1) Common practice is smoking the fruits in closed chambers.

2) Artificial ripening by spraying ethrel @ 1000 pm on matured fruits and @ 100

ppm inside gas chamber.

3) Post harvest dipping of banana in an

IAA solution hastens ripening

4) Use of CaC2 @ 10-12 g in paperlined basket

Varieties:

1) Dwarf and resistant to Panama wilt but to susceptible to Bunchy Top :

• Kabuli 

• Basrai

• Bhusawal 

• Jahaji 

• Bamankeli

2) Resistant to Bunchy Top & Panama wilt:

 •Champa 

•Poovan

•Kapur Chakrakali 

•Lal Belchi 

•Mysore

3) Desert Banana Varities :

✓Gross Michel

4) Variety for Cooking purpose :

•Hazara 

•Raikela 

•Ghosh 

•Kalibo

• Mudhia 

• Other Important Varieties for area:

Nendran in Keral :

✓Robusta ( Tamilnadu and Karnataka)

✓Martman( WB)

✓Malbogh ( Bihar) 

✓Giant Governor and Cavendish ( for WB & TN)

• Lady finger is diploid banana variety.

✍️Agricos Vaishnavi Nimkar 

Gunji , Dhamangaon railway

District. Amravati

Contact No: 7666441799