Annidation and Allopathy

ANNIDATION:

The complimentary interaction between intercrops in the intercroping system is known as Annidation.

a) Spatial Annidation:

Here the complimentary interactions between the intercrops occur with regard to spatial position (Space/place) 

This principle is used in Multistorey cropping

Efficient utilization of soil resources, intercrops of different root system viz.deep rooted species+ shallow rooted species are grown

b)Temporal Annidation (Annidation in Time)

  The complimentary interaction between the intercrops in the time aspect is Temporal Annidation.

Such intercrops have different natural habit and zero competition.

Other intercroping utilizing this principle are Groundnut+ Redgram , Shorghum + Redgram 

Allelopathy:

Interactions between the crops may also occur through other means i.e. Competitive or non -competitive .

The competitive interaction between the crop species in intercropping and sequential cropping through the release of chemical substances or toxins is called Allelopathy.

Sunflower, Sorghum , Walnut , Cucumber , Peach and Eucalyptus are the examples of such crops which are known for allelopathic effect 

TYPES OF ALLELOPATHY:

A) True allelopathy

B) Functional allelopathy

A) True Allelopathy:

The  direct or indirect harmful effect on the other crops through the release of toxic substance as such from the plant

B) Functional allelopathy:

When.  Precursor is released which is converted into active substances by some microorganisms, is categorized under functional allelopathy

Allelo- Chemical : 

Such types of chemicals , released by plants which show allelopathy are known as allelo- chemicals 

The leaves of Eucalyptus globules exudate some  allelochemicals which drastically reduce the germination of mustard seeds when sown underneath 

Non competitive interaction between the crop species through the release of organic substances may also be possible

The release of hormone like substances by one crop species may stimulate the growth of other crop species

Legume Effect:

The beneficial effect of the Legumes in any crop rotation and intensive cropping system is termed as Legume effect

Inclusion of legumes in cropping system is beneficial in many ways: 

1) Legumes fix automospheric nirogen in root nodules and thus improves the nitrogen status of the soil

2) It saves upto 25% of recommended level of Nitrogen application to the associated cereals when grown as intercrop

3) Legumes absorb soil phosphrous more efficiently and part of this mobized phosphrous in organic form is available to the succeeding crop 

It means legumes convert Inorganic phosphrous into Organic form of phosphorus and thus is able to extract insoluble forms of soil phosphrous

4) Legumes have greater root cation exchange capacity (CEC)  than cereals

COTTON EFFECT:

Cotton feeds in the deeper layers of the soil , and removes comparatively smaller quantities of nutrients.

The succeeding crop having the shallow root system is able to tap on the unused pool of nutrients in the surface layers of the soil. This effect may be termed as cotton effect 

🌱Agricos

Vaishnavi Nimkar 🌾🌱