Dryland Agriculture

DRYLAND AGRICULTURE:

    Means cultivation of crops entirely under rainfed condition

Dry land agriculture may be classified into three groups on the basis of annual rainfall

a) Dry farming:

Cultivation of crops in areas where annual rainfall is less than 750 mm and crop failures due to prolonged dry spells during crop period are most common.

Dry farming is practiced in arid regions with the help of moisture conservation practices

b ) Dryland Farming : 

Cultivation of crops in areas where annual rainfall is more than 750 mm but less than 1150 mm is called Dryland Farming

This farming is practiced in Semi-Arud region

Dry spells may occur , but crop failures are less frequent.

c) Rainfed Farming:

Means cultivation of crops in regions where annual rainfall is more than 1150 mm

This farming is practiced in humid regions 

PROBLEMS & PROSPECTS OF DRYLAND AGRICULTURE:

Problems of Dryland Agriculture are-

a) Inadequacy and uncertainty of rainfall and it's erratic distribution.

 b) Late onset and early cessation of rains 

c) Prolonged dry spells during the crop period 

d) Low moisture retention capacity

e) Poor soil fertility condition

f) Socio- economic constraints particularly because of the predominance of small and marginal farmers 54% of the holdings is less than one hectare

g) Technological and developmental constraints

i) Limited infrastructure development and unproper and untimely availability of credits and agricultural inputs 

There are three types of Agriculture possible in Dryland areas- 

1) Crop Production

2) Animal husbandry with pastures management

3) Agro forestry

•DROUGHT AND AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT:

Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

Pune :

Drought as a situation occuring in any areas in a year when annual rainfall is less than 75% of the normal

When deficiency of rainfall is above 50% of the normal , called as Severe drought

Agricultural drought:

Agricultural drought is the moisture deficit which results when amount of water available in the soil is not sufficient to meet the demands of potential evapotranspiration (PET)

ICRISAT- International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics established on Oct 11 , 1972 near 

Hyderabad (Patancheru) 

ICARDA- International Centre for Agl. Research in Dry Areas in 1977 at Aleppo (Syria)

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