Types of Farming

Types of Farming

Types of Farming:

On the basis of methods and practices followed in the production, kinds and proportion of crops and livestocks 

Farming is divided into Five types 

1)Diversified farming

2) Specialised farming

3) Mixed farming

4) Dry farming

5) Ranching farming

1) Diversified Farming: 

A farm on which the income from a single product is less than or not equal to 50 % of the total farm income is called a diversified or general farm and such farming is known as diversified farming.

One proverb is prevalent related to diversified farming - " A good farmer is one who does not put all the eggs in one basket

Advantages:

1) Better use of 

a) Land : by suitable crop rotation

b) Labour : more employment of family labour

c) Capital: Profitable use of equipment

2) Business risk is reduced due to crop failure

3) Regular and quicker returns are obtained from various enterprises

Disadvantages:

1) Difficulties in marketing without the help of cooperatives 

2) Farm supervision is limited due to diversified occupation

3) There are chances of undetected leaks in farm business

Subsitance/ Marginal Farming:

In such farming farmer has surplus to sell in the market except on occasions when he has to forced sale to get some cash

Characteristic:

1)Farm holding are tiny with greater population on land 

2) They produce only family consumption and nothing for marketing

2)Specialised Farming:

A farm on which the income from a single product or one enterprise is more than or equal to 50% of the total farm income is called specialised farm and such farming is known as specialised farming 

Following are the conditions for specialised Farming:

1) Where there are special market outlets

2) Where economic conditions are fairly uniform for a long period

3) Where one enterprise is much affected by abnormal weather conditions 

Advantages: 

1) Better use of land 

e.g. black soil is particularly suitable for cotton growing

2) Better marketing, better grading , processing , transportation and financing of the produce

3) Better farm management and less chance of wastage

4) Less equipments are required

5) Labour efficiency is increased

6) Farming is according to modern scientific method 

7) Efficiency of skill is increased

Disadvantages:

1)Greater risk of failure

2) Productive resources i.e. land , labour & capital are not fully utilised

3) Soil fertility can't be maintained due to lack of suitable crop rotation

4) Bye - product of farm can't be utilised due to lack of livestocks

5) Farm returns are generally received once in a year 

6) General knowledge of farm enterprises become limited

3) Mixed Farming:

In such type of farming crop production is combined with livestock raising or dairying.

4) Dry farming:

Dry farming is the profitable production of the useful crops without irrigation on the land which receives less than or equal to 50 cm annual rainfall

The main problem of such farming area is to conserve soil moisture

Following practices are to be adopted for successful dry farming:

a) Timely field preparation for receiving and conserving soil moisture i.e. summer ploughing

b) Timely and proper interculture during the growth of crop

c) Organic Manuring for increasing water holding capacity

d) More plant to plant spacing

e) Adopt mixed cropping

5) Ranching Farming:

Ranch land is such land where agricultural practices are not adopted

i.e. land is not utilised for raising crops but the natural vegetation used for grazing the livestock.who kept such livestock is called Rancher and the farming is called Ranching.

Ranch land is present in Australia, America, Tibet , China and hilly tracts of India i.e. area of Bikaner and Jammu & Kashmir) 

Australian sheep ranching farm is well known in the world 

✍️Agricos 

Vaishnavi Nimkar 🌾🌱🌾